Health Insights · Eyes
Glaucoma: protecting your sight
Glaucoma damages the optic nerve, usually because of raised pressure inside the eye. The common form causes no symptoms whatsoever until a substantial amount of peripheral vision has already gone — and that loss is permanent. It is found by testing, which is why free NHS eye tests exist.
Go to an emergency eye service immediately if you have
- sudden severe eye pain with a red eye
- blurred vision with halos around lights
- nausea and vomiting with eye or head pain
- a hard, tender eye with a fixed oval pupil
- sudden loss of vision in one eye
Acute angle-closure glaucoma is a medical emergency — pressure rises rapidly and sight can be lost within hours without treatment. It is often mistaken for migraine or a stomach upset because of the vomiting. Moorfields Eye Hospital runs a 24-hour walk-in emergency eye service; the nearest emergency department is the Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, London E1 1FR.
Why it is silent
In chronic open-angle glaucoma, damage begins in the peripheral vision. The brain fills in the missing areas using the other eye and its own predictions, so people notice nothing until around 40% of nerve fibres have been lost. By the time someone reports bumping into things or missing steps, considerable damage has already occurred. Nothing recovers it — treatment only prevents further loss.
Who is at higher risk
- Age — risk rises steadily after 40
- Family history — a first-degree relative with glaucoma raises risk several-fold. Free NHS eye tests are available from age 40 if you have an affected close relative, and many people entitled to them do not know
- African or Caribbean heritage — open-angle glaucoma is more common, develops earlier and progresses faster
- Asian heritage — higher risk of the angle-closure type
- Short-sightedness for open-angle; long-sightedness for angle-closure
- diabetes, and long-term steroid use including inhalers, drops and creams
Testing is the whole strategy
A glaucoma check involves measuring the pressure inside the eye, examining the optic nerve, and testing the visual field. Pressure alone is not enough — a proportion of people develop glaucoma with normal pressure, and many with raised pressure never develop it. All three parts matter. NHS sight tests are free for over-60s, and from 40 for those with a close relative affected. Every two years is the usual interval, more often if you are at higher risk.
Treatment
- Eye drops to lower pressure — usually a prostaglandin analogue first line, sometimes combined. They must be used every day, for life.
- Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is now recommended as a first-line option in many cases and can delay or avoid drops entirely.
- Surgery — trabeculectomy or minimally invasive procedures — where drops and laser are insufficient.
- Acute angle closure is treated urgently with pressure-lowering medication and then laser to both eyes.
Drops only work if you actually use them
Adherence with glaucoma drops is poor — studies suggest half of people are not using them as prescribed within a year, largely because the condition causes no symptoms and the drops do. You will not feel any better for using them; you will simply not go blind. If drops sting, blur your vision or you keep forgetting, say so — preservative-free versions, different classes, combination bottles and laser treatment all exist. Struggling in silence is what costs sight.
Getting drops in properly
- Wash hands, tilt the head back, pull the lower lid down to form a pocket.
- Squeeze one drop into the pocket — the eye holds only one, so more is wasted.
- Close the eye gently and press the inner corner for one to two minutes. This stops the drop draining into the nose, improves absorption and reduces side effects.
- Leave five minutes between different drops.
- Do not touch the dropper to the eye or lashes.
Driving
You must tell the DVLA if you have glaucoma in both eyes, and you may need a visual field test to keep your licence. Glaucoma in one eye only usually does not need declaring if the other field is full — but check. Driving without meeting the standard invalidates insurance.
Why come to us. Glaucoma is detected by an optician's sight test, and if you are due one, book that first — it is free for many people and is the right test. Where we help is with the surrounding picture: assessing your family history and risk, reviewing steroid medicines including inhalers and creams that can raise eye pressure, checking blood pressure and diabetes, providing DVLA and workplace letters, and arranging urgent ophthalmology through our CQC-registered partners where something needs seeing quickly.
Private GP eye assessment and glaucoma advice in East London
Chronic glaucoma usually has no early symptoms but can gradually damage sight, so regular eye checks matter — especially with a family history. Our private GP eye service and a private GP in East London can advise and arrange referral. Rarely, acute glaucoma causes a sudden painful red eye with blurred vision, halos and nausea — this is an emergency; seek urgent eye care. Tower Bridge Hospital is on Whitechapel Road in East London, a short journey from Canary Wharf and the City, with same-day appointments and no referral required.
Glaucoma in London: common questions
Does glaucoma have symptoms?
Chronic glaucoma often has none until sight is affected, which is why regular eye checks are important, especially with a family history.
What is acute glaucoma?
A sudden, painful red eye with blurred vision, halos around lights and nausea — a medical emergency needing urgent eye care.
How is glaucoma managed?
Usually with eye drops to lower eye pressure, and sometimes laser or surgery; regular monitoring protects sight.
Do I need a referral?
No — you can book a GP eye assessment directly, and we arrange onward eye-service referral where needed.
Risk reviewed, steroid medicines checked, referral arranged
7 days a week. Sudden severe eye pain needs emergency eye care now.